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CrimeSnapshot

Revealed: the NSW suburbs with the lowest recorded-offence rates — and the highest

Suburbs across the Sutherland Shire, the Hills and the North Shore recorded the lowest police-recorded offence rates in the analysis. At the other end were the Sydney CBD, western-Sydney centres and regional hubs. The figures are rates based on 2021 Census populations, not raw counts.

SDSamuel DaviesSamuel Davies is a data reporter at KnowYourBlock, covering property, crime and planning across Australia.

Gymea Bay recorded the lowest police-recorded offence rate among NSW suburbs with at least 5,000 residents. In the year to March 2026 police recorded just 64 offences there. Based on its 2021 Census population of 6,983, that equates to 917 per 100,000 residents, about one-eighth the statewide rate of 7,700. An analysis of NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research data found many of the lowest rates in the Shire, the Hills and the upper North Shore.

These are rates per resident, not raw counts, so a small suburb and a large one can be compared on the same footing. That matters: the biggest raw totals almost always belong to the biggest, busiest places, which tells you little about the risk to someone living there. Measured per head, Glenhaven, Oyster Bay and West Pennant Hills all recorded fewer than 1,150 offences per 100,000 residents, alongside better-known names such as Cherrybrook and Killara.

The lowest recorded-offence rates in the analysis belong predominantly to established residential suburbs across Sydney.
Lowest recorded-offence rate per resident, year ending March 2026
  1. 1Gymea Bay917
  2. 2Glenhaven952
  3. 3Oyster Bay1,125
  4. 4West Pennant Hills1,143
  5. 5West Pymble1,195
  6. 6Beaumont Hills1,217
  7. 7Cherrybrook1,232
  8. 8Willoughby1,291
  9. 9Killara1,299
  10. 10Allambie Heights1,353
  11. 11Caringbah South1,390
  12. 12Beecroft1,399

Recorded offences per 100,000 residents, year ending March 2026. Source: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOCSAR).

A low rate does not mean no crime, and it does not measure every crime. BOCSAR counts incidents that were reported to and recorded by police, so a suburb’s figure reflects reported crime, not all crime. Population figures come from the 2021 Census, so rates for suburbs that have grown substantially since then may be overstated. What the ranking does establish is that, using that common population base, far fewer offences are logged in these suburbs than across the state as a whole.

And where it’s highest

The top of the table needs a caveat before a single name. Haymarket and neighbouring Sydney record the highest offence rates in the state — 66,562 and 52,859 per 100,000 — but both are the Sydney CBD, where a small resident population is dwarfed by the millions who commute, shop and go out there each week. In Haymarket the single largest category is ‘Transport regulatory offences’ (2,502 of 5,528 offences), overwhelmingly fare and rail matters logged at Central station, not violence. In Sydney it is theft (3,248 offences). The resident-based rate overstates the risk to the people who actually live there.

Set the CBD aside and the highest rates fall to the state’s established regional and western-Sydney centres. Liverpool recorded 47,751 offences per 100,000 residents, the highest rate after the two CBD localities. It was followed by the central suburbs of Wagga Wagga and Moree and the western-Sydney centres of Campbelltown, Penrith and Mount Druitt. These places serve as shopping, transport and night-time hubs for wider areas — which, as in the CBD, concentrates recorded offences in the suburb that hosts them.

Highest recorded-offence rate per resident, year ending March 2026
  1. 1Haymarket66,562
  2. 2Sydney52,859
  3. 3Liverpool47,751
  4. 4Wagga Wagga40,609
  5. 5Moree40,259
  6. 6Campbelltown39,875
  7. 7Penrith36,803
  8. 8Mount Druitt34,470
  9. 9West Kempsey33,688
  10. 10West Tamworth33,157
  11. 11Parramatta32,174
  12. 12Nowra31,750

Recorded offences per 100,000 residents, year ending March 2026. Source: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOCSAR).

How suburbs have changed

A single year is a snapshot. A separate comparison of recorded-offence totals over the three years to March 2026 shows the largest changes at either end. Among the 431 suburbs included in that comparison, Berkeley Vale recorded the largest fall: down 47%, from 624 recorded offences in the year to March 2023 to 334 in the year to March 2026. Campsie and St Marys were close behind, and western-Sydney suburbs such as Blacktown and Macquarie Fields also recorded substantial falls.

Largest falls in recorded offences, three years to March 2026
  1. 1Berkeley Vale47%
  2. 2Campsie44%
  3. 3Northmead42%
  4. 4St Marys42%
  5. 5Blacktown38%
  6. 6Wentworth Falls38%
  7. 7Gymea38%
  8. 8Macquarie Fields38%

Change in recorded offences over the three years to March 2026. Source: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOCSAR).

The largest rises have a growth-corridor pattern: four of the five leading suburbs are on Sydney’s south-west or north-west development fringes. Austral recorded the sharpest increase — up 134% (277 to 647 offences). Leppington, Box Hill and Edmondson Park also ranked in the top five. Population growth may account for part of these increases, but this comparison measures offence totals and does not test the relationship between population and recorded crime.

Largest rises in recorded offences, three years to March 2026
  1. 1Austral+134%
  2. 2Belmont+70%
  3. 3Leppington+60%
  4. 4Box Hill+54%
  5. 5Edmondson Park+48%
  6. 6Ballina+47%
  7. 7East Tamworth+46%
  8. 8Epping+45%

Change in recorded offences over the three years to March 2026. Source: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOCSAR).

Find your suburb

Every NSW suburb with at least 5,000 residents is in the table below — 513 in all — ranked from the lowest offence rate per resident to the highest. Search for yours, or click any column heading to re-rank the whole state by residents, offences or rate. Tap any suburb to see its full crime, flood, bushfire and school picture.

Gymea Bay6,98364917
Glenhaven6,61963952
Oyster Bay5,689641,125
West Pennant Hills16,6201901,143
West Pymble5,441651,195
Beaumont Hills9,0411101,217
Cherrybrook19,0822351,232
Willoughby7,124921,291
Killara10,6201381,299
Allambie Heights7,317991,353
Caringbah South13,1681831,390
Beecroft10,2911441,399
Mount Colah7,8161121,433
Berowra Heights5,286771,457
Fairlight6,141911,482
Hornsby Heights6,354961,511
Avalon Beach10,3791591,532
Kiama Downs5,087781,533
Wollstonecraft8,1151261,553
Wattle Grove8,8861421,598
Kellyville Ridge10,8901771,625
St Ives18,3843001,632
Forestville8,6591421,640
The Ponds16,3152681,643
Jerrabomberra9,6011631,698
Harrington Park13,3322281,710
Naremburn5,9241021,722
Cammeray7,0881231,735
Pymble11,7752051,741
Wahroonga17,8533171,776
Northbridge6,4931161,787
Winmalee6,3881151,800
Bellevue Hill10,5901921,813
Bangor5,5361011,824
Cremorne11,2632061,829
North Kellyville17,4013191,833
Freshwater9,1861691,840
Baulkham Hills37,4156971,863
Googong7,4441391,867
Beacon Hill7,8141461,868
Bossley Park15,4922921,885
Kellyville27,0115121,896
Middleton Grange7,0431351,917
Illawong7,4271431,925
St Johns Park6,3021221,936
Valentine5,7731151,992
Roseville10,3402072,002
West Hoxton10,1522042,009
Eleebana6,4601312,028
Picnic Point6,4131312,043
Glenwood15,8293242,047
Newington5,6481162,054
Allawah5,3511112,074
Lane Cove North11,7732462,090
Edensor Park10,2792152,092
Narraweena6,9711462,094
Cecil Hills6,9061452,100
Lugarno5,8691242,113
Winston Hills12,1232572,120
Engadine17,7363782,131
Narellan Vale6,9311482,135
Raby5,9431272,137
Frenchs Forest14,2673102,173
Horsley9,4372062,183
Bonnyrigg Heights7,3691622,198
Spring Farm9,8682182,209
Pennant Hills7,5881692,227
Seaforth7,3841652,235
Greenwich5,4691242,267
Oatlands5,8331332,280
Elderslie7,8781802,285
Collaroy7,9441822,291
Lindfield10,9432512,294
Stanhope Gardens9,3492152,300
Abbotsford5,4311252,302
Vaucluse9,5102242,355
Marsfield12,4922952,362
Cromer8,0301902,366
Kenthurst5,3131262,372
St Andrews5,7851382,385
Glenmore Park25,0216042,414
Earlwood18,0534392,432
Heathcote6,1481512,456
Belrose8,7262152,464
Denham Court9,1292252,465
Flinders7,1181762,473
North Ryde14,0433482,478
Oatley10,6642652,485
North Rocks9,1362352,572
Greenfield Park5,3941392,577
Hinchinbrook11,5213002,604
Lane Cove12,3633252,629
Adamstown Heights5,6211512,686
Wentworth Falls6,4281732,691
Mosman28,3297642,697
Pottsville7,2381962,708
Dural7,9002142,709
Greystanes23,5116372,709
Turramurra12,8503492,716
Corlette5,6991552,720
St Helens Park6,6471812,723
Penshurst12,5923442,732
Woodcroft6,5971812,744
Holsworthy5,6571562,758
Lennox Head7,6872122,758
Menai10,4192892,774
Asquith6,1601712,776
Manly Vale6,3891782,786
Cabramatta West7,8222182,787
Fairfield West12,9813632,796
Hazelbrook5,0771422,797
Croydon10,7553022,808
Bexley19,6465542,820
Gladesville12,8673632,821
South Hurstville5,2211482,835
Claremont Meadows5,1771472,839
Kings Langley9,3542662,844
Newport9,6592762,857
Belfield6,5551892,883
Carlingford28,0448112,892
Kanahooka5,6981662,913
Narrabeen8,2552412,919
Mount Annan11,7843452,928
Haberfield6,4801902,932
Waitara7,8372302,935
Botany12,9603822,948
Normanhurst5,3871592,952
Erskine Park6,4861922,960
Croydon Park10,9293262,983
Warriewood8,3792523,008
Wamberal6,9912123,032
Green Point6,8102083,054
Carlton10,6313253,057
Jordan Springs11,7723603,058
Quakers Hill27,8938533,058
Meadowbank5,0891563,065
St Clair19,9426163,089
Georges Hall9,7393013,091
Berala8,7572753,140
Girraween6,2561973,149
Wentworth Point12,7034003,149
Currans Hill5,5411763,176
Sans Souci10,8643453,176
Medowie10,8793463,180
Blaxland7,4342373,188
Hunters Hill9,0142893,206
Balgownie5,7221843,216
Bardia5,7471853,219
Bronte7,1662313,224
Gordon8,7952843,229
Oakhurst6,9472253,239
Bowral10,7643513,261
Balgowlah8,0682643,272
Concord West6,1782053,318
Mona Vale10,8773613,319
Canley Heights12,3204093,320
Ruse5,6321893,356
Bligh Park6,2202093,360
Shell Cove7,5912563,372
Albion Park13,8264683,385
Banora Point16,4605603,402
Concord14,5514973,416
East Ballina5,8822013,417
Hillsdale5,6471933,418
Figtree12,3354263,454
Worrigee5,3841863,455
Ocean Shores5,7772003,462
Northmead11,2613903,463
North Bondi9,2903243,488
Oran Park17,6246153,490
Woollahra7,1892523,505
Bella Vista8,3842943,507
Fairfield Heights8,2692903,507
Helensburgh6,5762313,513
Castle Hill40,8741,4383,518
Hurlstone Park5,0011763,519
Blakehurst6,6522353,533
Cameron Park9,9773533,538
Peakhurst12,0794303,560
Lake Albert6,2912243,561
Gledswood Hills6,1122183,567
Dee Why23,3548403,597
Rose Bay9,9113603,632
Sylvania10,7493943,665
Neutral Bay10,0903713,677
Panania13,5074973,680
Old Bar5,1261893,687
Drummoyne12,0114473,722
Prestons15,6945853,728
Berkeley Vale8,9513343,731
Chipping Norton9,4123533,751
Thurgoona11,0284143,754
Condell Park13,0664923,765
Alstonville5,9122243,789
North Narrabeen6,0162283,790
Summer Hill7,2882813,856
Dulwich Hill14,0465443,873
Tallawong6,5702553,881
Thornleigh8,8983463,889
Beverly Hills10,4834083,892
Prospect5,1872033,914
Fletcher8,0143153,931
Cooranbong7,0772793,942
Canterbury9,4303733,955
Ryde31,9071,2713,983
Woongarrah5,9622383,992
Schofields15,2136083,997
Epping29,5511,1824,000
Arncliffe12,0234814,001
Dundas Valley5,8752364,017
Terrigal12,7305124,022
Springwood8,4233404,037
Lakemba17,0926984,084
Roselands12,3565074,103
Coogee14,6346024,114
Pemulwuy5,5322284,121
Kincumber7,3983054,123
Eagle Vale5,7892394,129
Kirrawee11,0074564,143
Eastwood18,6957754,145
Aberglasslyn6,5522724,151
Marsden Park14,6106124,189
Mortdale10,7454524,207
Glenbrook5,0782144,214
Belmore13,7815814,216
Padstow14,0175954,245
Sefton6,3002684,254
Gymea8,2193504,258
Jannali6,6322854,297
West Wollongong5,2232254,308
Ropes Crossing7,2803194,382
Brighton-Le-Sands8,3363664,391
North Richmond6,3582804,404
West Ryde13,1715814,411
Woolooware5,0602244,427
Boambee East5,3042354,431
Guildford West5,7622584,478
Wiley Park10,0164504,493
Cranebrook15,7797124,512
Kingsgrove12,8815844,534
Homebush West9,1084154,556
Narara8,4713884,580
Blue Haven6,5633014,586
Bradbury9,4334334,590
South Wentworthville6,9133184,600
Mount Pritchard10,4264814,613
Lurnea10,0574654,624
Stanmore7,6193534,633
Bonnyrigg9,7854544,640
Canley Vale10,3004794,650
Woonona12,3745774,663
Glendenning5,1962434,677
Belmont North6,2912974,721
Toongabbie16,1777764,797
Gregory Hills9,1424404,813
Paddington12,7016174,858
Tumbi Umbi5,3692624,880
Elermore Vale6,0572984,920
Smithfield13,1606504,939
Marayong7,8343925,004
Yagoona19,6519855,012
Randwick28,9431,4555,027
Maryland7,7143925,082
Bondi10,4115305,091
Rooty Hill16,1768275,113
Annandale9,4874865,123
Erskineville9,6574975,147
South Penrith12,0056185,148
Moorebank11,4085885,154
Box Hill6,4503335,163
Edmondson Park12,0806265,182
Rydalmere7,2743785,197
Ermington12,6866615,210
Homebush11,6606085,214
Kingscliff8,3554375,230
Colyton8,7704595,234
Plumpton10,0705295,253
Green Valley12,9196845,295
Picton5,2822805,301
Warners Bay8,2374375,305
Moss Vale9,3104965,328
Matraville9,9255315,350
Killarney Vale7,4914015,353
Rozelle8,5534585,355
Rosemeadow8,0074305,370
North Nowra5,8563155,379
Leichhardt15,1588175,390
Rosebery13,5337355,431
Punchbowl21,3841,1655,448
Hamlyn Terrace8,7614785,456
Umina Beach17,3729525,480
North Parramatta12,0646625,487
Kiama7,9044355,504
Five Dock9,8235505,599
Cambridge Park7,0543955,600
Wingham5,3953045,635
Lisarow5,2992995,643
Wyoming10,1115715,647
New Lambton10,6516035,661
Merrylands West7,0544005,671
Greenacre26,3141,5025,708
Wentworthville15,0988625,709
Sanctuary Point7,8744505,715
Zetland12,6227225,720
Kensington11,9276845,735
Kariong6,4853755,783
Kingsford13,4927815,789
Casula16,5849625,801
Lake Munmorah5,0842955,803
Rhodes11,4536675,824
South Coogee5,6113305,881
Campsie26,1321,5375,882
Artarmon9,4175605,947
Bulli6,7984055,958
Fairfield East5,1983105,964
North Sydney8,9645375,991
Ashfield23,0121,3866,023
Tweed Heads West6,1763726,023
Oak Flats6,8404146,053
Petersham8,2004996,085
Emu Plains8,1264966,104
Edgeworth6,4013916,108
Lilyfield7,6414676,112
Narwee5,4113356,191
Mascot21,5911,3646,317
Cooma6,7154256,329
Junee5,0663216,336
Guildford24,0911,5396,388
Yass6,7634356,432
Lidcombe23,6631,5396,504
Rockdale15,4751,0096,520
Barrack Heights6,0033966,597
Strathfield25,9151,7166,622
North Tamworth6,2734166,632
Chester Hill14,0079406,711
Tahmoor5,7773886,716
Ettalong Beach5,1613476,724
Cronulla17,8991,2086,749
Mittagong6,0904116,749
Bateau Bay12,5168496,783
Leppington9,4236526,919
Auburn39,3332,7236,923
Telopea5,3563757,001
Moama7,2135067,015
Karabar8,5176007,045
Westmead16,5551,1697,061
Merewether11,7888367,092
Gorokan8,6246137,108
Thirroul6,3484527,120
Harris Park5,0433647,218
Cootamundra6,8854977,219
Corowa5,5954087,292
East Tamworth5,4173957,292
Glenfield Park5,0783717,306
Pendle Hill7,7435677,323
Albion Park Rail6,9205097,355
Seven Hills20,0951,4857,390
Eastlakes6,3474727,437
Ambarvale7,2545427,472
Minchinbury5,7784327,477
Lambton5,2143907,480
South West Rocks5,0583827,552
Tuncurry6,3764857,607
Revesby15,2681,1687,650
East Albury6,2244807,712
Ulladulla7,2625627,739
Doonside13,6141,0627,801
Balmain10,4548347,978
Long Jetty6,7365398,002
Leumeah9,9928058,056
Manly16,2961,3208,100
Murwillumbah7,6166198,128
Thornton10,6908958,372
Lalor Park7,8346598,412
Maroubra30,7222,5968,450
Yamba6,4055438,478
South Granville5,8294968,509
Berkeley7,7986658,528
Scone5,8244998,568
Dapto10,9549398,572
Kogarah16,4161,4288,699
Goonellabah13,3511,1788,823
Caringbah12,5751,1128,843
Hebersham5,6434998,843
Wauchope6,5895888,924
Charlestown13,6011,2168,941
Alexandria9,6498658,965
Minto13,9401,2548,996
Mudgee11,4571,0318,999
St Leonards7,2126509,013
Rouse Hill11,3491,0369,129
Hillvue6,5285969,130
Corrimal6,9726399,165
Wolli Creek10,6549809,198
Merrylands32,4723,0649,436
Austral6,8476479,449
Port Macquarie47,6934,5529,544
Marrickville26,5702,5389,552
Chippendale7,8037499,599
Fairy Meadow7,5127309,718
Warilla6,2266109,798
Macquarie Park11,0711,0899,837
Bass Hill10,2301,0129,892
Bondi Beach11,5131,1409,902
Woolgoolga6,1516129,950
Wallsend13,2441,3189,952
Wetherill Park6,41264510,059
Macquarie Fields14,0231,41310,076
Rutherford13,0911,32010,083
Pyrmont12,6581,28710,167
Richmond5,41855310,207
Bega5,01352810,533
Jamisontown5,32156310,581
Kooringal7,40478810,643
Nambucca Heads6,67571510,712
Lavington13,0731,41310,809
Nelson Bay6,14166810,878
Cowra10,1451,10510,892
Adamstown6,33569610,987
Forster14,1871,56611,038
South Windsor5,94865911,079
Goulburn23,9632,65711,088
Ingleburn15,2641,69611,111
Tumut6,61373611,130
Swansea5,04456211,142
Ultimo7,41083111,215
Leeton9,1701,04311,374
Katoomba8,26895811,587
Hornsby22,4622,61411,637
Riverstone8,6271,01111,719
Werrington5,32862511,730
Orange41,2324,84411,748
Bomaderry6,73879811,843
Camperdown9,3811,11111,843
Toormina6,17173711,943
Whalan5,92970911,958
Glen Innes6,21975412,124
Miranda17,9422,18712,189
Kelso10,0391,23912,342
Kurri Kurri6,17476312,358
Fairfield18,5962,31312,438
Young10,6101,34112,639
Mayfield9,7601,25112,818
Chatswood25,5533,28612,860
Griffith19,5052,51912,915
Hurstville31,1624,04912,993
Burwood18,2242,37513,032
Erina5,20569013,256
Narrabri7,32799213,539
Villawood7,05195513,544
Inverell12,0571,63813,585
Armidale23,9673,26613,627
Bankstown34,9334,92514,098
East Maitland11,8601,69714,309
Cessnock16,3002,33914,350
Parkes11,3241,62514,350
Cardiff6,31892114,577
Waterloo16,3792,39014,592
Granville16,7162,45914,710
Unanderra5,47680814,755
Cabramatta21,1423,12814,795
Riverwood12,7931,91214,946
Raymond Terrace13,4532,03615,134
Blacktown50,9617,81115,327
Singleton5,18579715,371
Forbes8,1571,25515,386
Woy Woy11,0721,71615,499
Newtown14,6902,28515,555
Deniliquin7,4321,16015,608
Sutherland11,5701,85916,067
Casino10,9301,75816,084
Dubbo43,5167,11016,339
Toronto5,97397916,390
Port Kembla5,08884216,549
Muswellbrook12,2722,04216,640
Gunnedah10,3591,73416,739
Darlinghurst10,6151,92218,106
Broken Hill17,7063,20718,113
Belmont7,2891,34618,466
Kingswood10,6331,96718,499
Bondi Junction10,3611,92618,589
Coffs Harbour27,0895,03618,591
Tweed Heads South7,9411,48218,663
North Albury6,2321,18619,031
Grafton10,5632,01619,085
Ballina9,7351,92219,743
Taree16,7153,34119,988
Byron Bay6,3301,28820,348
Tweed Heads9,1762,00821,883
Glebe11,6802,57922,080
Queanbeyan6,4091,42822,281
Warwick Farm6,1351,38822,624
South Grafton6,2881,52124,189
St Marys13,2563,41825,785
Wollongong20,4465,29025,873
Redfern13,0723,38825,918
Surry Hills15,8284,14026,156
Glenfield10,5362,76926,281
Bathurst7,0011,87126,725
South Tamworth6,6211,88628,485
Potts Point7,1832,27631,686
Nowra9,9563,16131,750
Parramatta30,2119,72032,174
West Tamworth5,4711,81433,157
West Kempsey5,0731,70933,688
Mount Druitt16,9865,85534,470
Penrith17,9666,61236,803
Campbelltown16,5776,61039,875
Moree8,9623,60840,259
Wagga Wagga7,1982,92340,609
Liverpool31,07814,84047,751
Sydney16,6678,81052,859
Haymarket8,3055,52866,562
Showing 513 of 513 suburbs · click a column to sort

Journalists and researchers: download the full dataset (CSV) — every matched NSW suburb with its 2021 resident population, its recorded offences for the year to March 2026 and the rate per 100,000. Free to use with attribution to KnowYourBlock and BOCSAR.

The lowest recorded-offence rates belong predominantly to residential suburbs; the highest are concentrated in major commercial, transport and regional centres.

Statewide rankings provide context, but property decisions require a closer local view. Check any NSW address on KnowYourBlock and you’ll see the crime read for that street alongside its flood, bushfire, zoning and school-catchment picture — or open any suburb above to see how it compares.

Method. We rank the number of police-recorded offences in each NSW suburb over the latest 12 complete months (April 2025 to March 2026), expressed as a rate per 100,000 residents using each suburb’s usual resident population from the 2021 Census. These are recorded offences per resident, not raw counts. A “recorded offence” is an incident logged by NSW Police; it reflects reported, police-recorded crime, not all crime, and reporting rates and offence definitions shift over time, so figures are indicative only. Worked example — Gymea Bay: 64 ÷ 6,983 × 100,000 = 917.

We include every suburb with at least 5,000 residents (513 suburbs), so that percentage-style extremes from tiny populations do not dominate. The population denominator is from the 2021 Census; rates for suburbs that have grown substantially since then may therefore be overstated. Because the denominator is each suburb’s resident count, commercial and transport precincts — above all the Sydney CBD — record inflated rates driven by a large non-resident daytime population; we flag these in the text.

The three-year comparison measures the percentage change in raw recorded-offence totals between the years ending March 2023 and March 2026. It includes population-qualified suburbs with at least 200 recorded offences in the March 2023 base year (431 suburbs). Eligibility is fixed using the starting year before the change is calculated. Same-named suburbs are matched to the correct locality by council area (for example, Silverwater in Parramatta, not Lake Macquarie). Source: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, “Recorded criminal incidents by suburb”, CC BY 4.0; population from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2021 Census; data retrieved August 2026. Suggested citation: “Analysis by KnowYourBlock using BOCSAR and ABS open data.” Data queries: samuel.davies@knowyourblock.au.